Air turbine carburetor



Jan- 9, 1940- w. o. HADDocK 2,186,829

'-AIR TURBINE CARBURETOR Original Filed Feb. 10, 1957 2 Sheecs-SheeI 1 Jan. 9, 1940. w Q HADDQCK 2,186,829

AIR TURBINE CABBURETOR Original Filed Feb. l0, 1937 2 Sheets-.Sheet 2 Patented Jan. 9, 1940 UNITED STATES yPli'rlezNT oFFlvfcE,

2.186.829 l AmTUnBrNEcAnBuaa'ron William 0. Haddock, Los Alltelel" Calif.

pannen Februar', 1e, 1937.' seran No. 125.099 Renewed June 9'. 1939 claims. (ci. zei-s3) My invention relates to the carburetion of liquid fuel for internal combustion engines. u

' In spite o1' .the many developments of internal combustion engines during the past generation,

v 5 particularly in the automotive field, the emciency fuel so that thisv may be satisfactorily used with 15. high compression internal combustion engines of the type employed in automobiles and airplanes..

" These efforts have not hitherto been successful, and the only fuels which may be satisfactorily used inthese engines with the types of carbeen high gravity blends of gasoline. It is another object of my invention to'provide a carburetor which is adapted for use on high compression internal combustion engines, such as those used in automobiles and airplaneaand 25 homogeneous mixture of liquid fuel with air and deliver this mixture 'to an internal combustion engine. y

'I'he means of accomplishing the foregoing objects, as well as further objects and advantages, will be more fully set forth in the following de'- scription taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: l

Fig.- 1 is a vertical sectional view through a preferred embodiment of my invention;`

Fig. 2 is` a side elevational view of the rotor 'mandrel of my invention, with upper and lower rotors mounted thereon; .Y

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the line 2-5 of Fig. i and illustrating the volute of my carburetor;V l

Fig. l4 is a. horizontal sectional view taken on the line 4- 4 0i' Fig. 1. and illustrates the pounding 4block which constitutes the upper wall of the centrifugal chamber formed vwithin the 'buretors available prior to my invention have Fig. 5 is a horizontal sectional view, taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 and showing the conformation of the blades on buretor;

Fig. 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken on 5 the line 5-5 of Fig. 2 and illustrating the construction of one of the sectional baille screens used on the rotors of my invention'.

Referring now specifically to the drawings, I have shown therein a carburetor I0, comprising l a preferred embodiment of my invention, this includinga fuel cup Il providing therein a float chamber I2 which is kept lled with liquid fuel I3` up to the level I4 by a needle valve vI5 which the upper rotor of my caris kept constantly supplied with fuel by a liquid u fuel line I1. As shown in Fig. 1, the oat I6 has a hole lfextending vertically therethrough.

The cup Il hasa cap 25 having a tubular fuel adjusting valve sleeve 26 extending downwardly axially therefrom through the hole I8, this sleeve having a cylindrical valve seat 21, a fuel hole 25 opening therethrough, internal-threads 29 at its lower end, and internal threads 30 of a somewhat larger diameter 'at its upper end.

screwed down inte une threads so is a fuel 2.5 adjusting screw having a knurled head 36 to facilitate manual operation and`a lock spring 31 for holding this screw in any:` adjusted position. The screw35 has a'valve sleeve 38 which vmaires a ground fit with the cylindrical valves'4 surface 21 and extends downwardly so that the lower end of the sleeve 55 is adapted to gradually shut off the fuel hole 28 as the screw 351s screwed downwardly in the threads 50. The screw 35 has a port 35 extending through the wall thereof .35'

.and a recess 40 is formed in the cap 25 opposite this port; so that thisport is at all times connected with the recess I0 which in turn/ commu-l nicates through a port with the chamber I2 and through a hole I5 with a compensating air 40 tube 41. Extending upwardly through an axial hole v formed in the fioor 5I of the cup Il vand screwing into the threads 29 is a rotormandrel base 52. This base has a fuel'decanting quill extending upwardly tothe fuel level I l, the 45 passageway insidel this base extending through the lower, end of ythe-latter, a rotor mandrel tube 55 being screwed'into suitable threads provided therein. The tube 55 has a quill 51 extending upwardly AVtherefrom through the quill 55 and a 50 substantial distance thereabove.- Communicating with the -space b'etween the quills. 55 and 51 are a series of fuel jet orifices 5D so that when fuel rises between' the adjusting valve sleeve 38. andthe milllt'othepoint'above the top of the 55 blades 8i which latter, this fuel ows downwardly between quills 55 and 51 and out through the fuel jet orifice 60.

The floor 5| of the fuel cup I| has an irregular bottom surface such as that shown in Fig. 4, which may be produced by radial ridges B5 provided thereon so that the bottom surface of this floor constitutes a pounding block 60, the purpose of which will be made clear hereinafter.

The passageway in the rotor mandrel tube 56 terminates above the lower end of this tube where it connects through a hole 61 with the side of this tube, the lower end of the tube being solid and threaded as shown in Fig. 1. Mounted on the rotor mandrel.tube 56 are primary and secondary rotors 10 and 1| includes a ball bearing 12, these being spaced apart by a sleeve 13 and held upwardly against the mandrel base 52 by a nut 14. On each of the outer races of these bearings, at the lower end thereof. is provided a circular screen 15. Sweat into place on the outer races of the bearing 12 of the rotor 10 is a band 80 having bailleI blades 8| y which extend radially outwardly and upwardly as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, andare helically bent. It is to be noted in Fig. 1 that, in rotating., the

uppermost tips of the baille blades 8| extend into the line of the fuel ejecting orifices 60.

The outer race of the bearing 12 of the rotor 1| has a band 85 from the upper end of which are formed a series of radially extending baille rotor mandrel tube 5l and is held in assembled relation with the' volute sz and cup n by a nut 01. The throttle body has an idling fuel pas-` sage 90 which connects with the hole 61 in the lower end of the tube 55 and leads to an idling nozzle 00. there being an idling adjustment valve also provided in the body 96, this controlling the passage 80. The body 00 provides a fuel vapor passageway which connects at its upper end with the axial outlet 04 in the volute 92. 'Ihe lower end of this passageway |05 is controlled by a butterfly throttle valve |05. g

It is to be noted that the compensating air tube 41 extends downward into the mouth of the tangential volute inlet 93..the object of this being made evident hereinafter.

Operation In operation, the carburetor I0 is secured by the attaching flanges H0 thereof to the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine with which it is associated. The fuel line I1 is connected to a fuel Ireservoir so that the needle valve I0 is constantly supplied with fuel, which' and the space between the quills 55 and 51 to Each of these rotors are also helically bent as shown the interior of the fuel adjusting sleeve 0l. This vacuum causes an excessive amount of fuel to ow through the hole 28 and upwardly above the level H so as to overflow downwardly between the quills 55 and 51 and out through the orifices 60. The spinning of the motor by its starter draws air through the volute inlet 93 so as to rotate the carburetor rotors and 1|. Fuel leaving the orifices 60 strikes the baille blades 8| on the rotor 10, this fuel being broken up by impact with these blades and a certain portion of it deflected against the pounding block 68. A rich mixture of fuel vapor and air is thus producedin the chamber 90 and drawn through the axial opening 9| and throttle valve |06 into the intake manifold of the engine. When the mixture in the cylinders ignites and the engine starts, the choke valve 95 is opened up as the engine now requires a mixture including less fuel and a considerably greater quantity of air. The rate of rotation of the rotors 10-1I then increases substantially and the blades 8| and 85 of these rotors bear the liquid particles of fuel as these are carried around by the swirling mass of air passing through the chamber 90 and breaks these particles up to form a homogeneous mixture of fuel vapor and air. The screens greatly assist in producing this homogeneous mixture, as any particle of fuel engaging these screens when they are rotating tends to adhere to the wires of the screen and by capillary action is spread out so that a very large surface of the liquid in these particles is exposed to the air and the particles are thereby reduced to vapor form.

I have found in actual operation that the carburetor of my invention gives a greatly increased mileage when used on automobiles and also makes possible the use of heavy fuels in high compression automobile and airplane engines, so that these engines can be run at a fraction of the fuel cost now necessary.

VVhlle I have shown a volute of just sufficient depth to accommodate two gas beating rotors I contemplate that where the capacity of the engine with which the carburetor is to be used is sufficient to Warrant this, a volute of greater depth than that shown in the drawings may be used so as to accommodate a larger number of gas beating rotors.

f While I have shown and described only a single embodiment of my invention, it is to be understood that various alterations and modifications may be made in this without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

What I claim is:

1. In a carburetor, the combination of: means forming a float chamber; a float needle valve for feeding fuel to said chamber; a float in said chamber for controlling said valve; a volute disposed beneath said float chamber means and having a centrifugal chamber, a tangential air inlet and an axial air outlet extending downwardly from said chamber; throttle valve means connecting said axial air outlet with the intake manifold of an internal combustion engine; means for conducting liquid fuel from said oat chamber and discharging it into the upper end of said centrifugal chamber; and a fuel beating rotor mounted for free rotation in said centrifugal chamber so that said fuel comes in contact with said rotor when it is discharged into said centrifugal chamber.

2. A combination as in claim l, in which the oor of said oat chamber means provides an upper wall of said volute and has thereon irregular surfaces to constitute a pounding block for breaking up particles of liquid fuel directed thereagainst by said rotor.

3. In a carburetor, the combination of: a volute having a centrifugal chamber, a tangential air inlet, and an axial air outlet leading down from fuel is injected into said chamber; and a secondary rotor provided in said chamber between the aforesaid rotor and said axial outlet of said voluta-said rotors having helical fan-like blades extending radially therefrom and being independently rotatably mounted in said centrifugal chamber.

4. In a carburetor, the combination of: means `forming a mixing chamber having an axis; outlet means through which air may be withdrawn from this chamber along said axis; inlet means through which air is admitted tangentlally into the chamber' to set up a whirling of the air therein about said axis; rotor means having fuel beating blades and adapted to freely receive air inwardly through the periphery of said rotor means and permit4 said air to then ow axially through said rotor means, the latter being mounted in said chamber and freely rotatable about said axis so as to respond to said whirling air in said chamber and rotate therewith, this chamber having a substantial vestibule lair space between the periphery of said rotor means and the walls of said chamber andextending at least a major portion of the distance around said rotor means, said tangential inlet connecting with said vestibule air space, the latter permitting air introduced through vSaid inlet into said chamber v,to flow radially inward simultaneously into the interstices of the periphery of said rotor means at all points loca'ted within the zone of said vestibule, said rotor means permitting` axial movement towards and into said axial outlet of the air thus flowing into said rotor means through the periphery thereof; and means for delivering hydrocarbon fuel into said chamber to permit said fuel and said air to be mixed by the fuel beating blades of said rotor means.

5. In a carburetor, the combination of: means forming a mixing chamber having an axis; outlet means through which air may be withdrawn from this chamber along said axis; inlet means through which air is admitted tangentially into the chamber to set up a whirling of the air therein about said axis; fuel beating rotor means the axial length of which is substantially greater than the radius thereof and which is adapted to.

freely receive air inwardly through the periphery of said rotor means and permit said air to then ow axially through said rotor means, the latter being mounted in said chamber and freely rotatable about said axis so as to respond to said whirling air in said chamberv and rotate therewith, this chamber having a substantial vestibule air space of greater diameter than the balance of said chamber, said air space lying between the periphery o f said rotor means and the walls of said chamber and extending substantially around said rotor means, said tangential inlet connecting with said vestibule air space, the latter permitting air introduced through said inlet into said chamber to ow radially inward simultaneously into the interstices of the periphery of said rotor at all points located within a substantial zone of said periphery said zone substantially surrounding said periphery, said rotor means permitting axial movement towards and into said axial outlet of the air thus owing into said rotor means through the periphery thereof; and means for delivering hydrocarbon fuel into said chamber to permit said fuel and said air to be mixed by said rotor means.

WILLIAM o.

lov 

